(209) Clearly then a great promise and a great trust is committed to the disciples: "All things are yours, and you are Christ's, and Christ is God's".(210). . nothing to dislike. (2) Cfr. (90), That messianic people has Christ for its head, "Who was delivered up for our sins, and rose again for our justification",(91) and now, having won a name which is above all names, reigns in glory in heaven. Let them follow the example of Christ, who by His obedience even unto death, opened to all men the blessed way of the liberty of the children of God. Haer, 111 24, 1: PG 7, 966 B; Harvey 2, 13i, ed. S. Io. First, the title of the document known as the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church: in Latin, it is titled Lumen Gentium, which means, "the light of the nations." This light is Jesus Christ. (65) He continually distributes in His body, that is, in the Church, gifts of ministries in which, by His own power, we serve each other unto salvation so that, carrying out the truth in love, we might through all things grow unto Him who is our Head. (163), The canonical mission of bishops can come about by legitimate customs that have not been revoked by the supreme and universal authority of the Church, or by laws made or recognized be that the authority, or directly through the successor of Peter himself; and if the latter refuses or denies apostolic communion, such bishops cannot assume any office.(38*). PL 78, 224. Let all then have care that they guide aright their own deepest sentiments of soul. That divine mission, entrusted by Christ to the apostles, will last until the end of the world,(147) since the Gospel they are to teach is for all time the source of all life for the Church. Consequently, even when preoccupied with temporal cares, the laity can and must perform a work of great value for the evangelization of the world. Second Vatican Council, Lumen Gentium 16, November 21, 1964 "But the plan of salvation also includes those who acknowledge the Creator, in the first place among whom are the Muslims: these profess to hold the faith of Abraham, and together with us they adore the one, merciful God, mankind's judge on the last day." And We by the apostolic power given Us by Christ together with the Venerable Fathers in the Holy Spirit, approve, decree and establish it and command that what has thus been decided in the Council be promulgated for the glory of God. The mind of the Council becomes known either from the matter treated or from its manner of speaking, in accordance with the norms of theological interpretation. in dorm. (13) Cfr. The books of the Old Testament describe the history of salvation, by which the coming of Christ into the world was slowly prepared. . These questions are left to theologians to discussspecifically the question of the power exercised de facto among the separated Eastern Churches, about which there are various explanations.". "(6*) Hence not a few of the early Fathers gladly assert in their preaching, "The knot of Eve's disobedience was untied by Mary's obedience; what the virgin Eve bound through her unbelief, the Virgin Mary loosened by her faith. Pius XII, Alloc. Cf. (7) Cfr. (4*), II. Lumen Gentium holds a central place among council documents and has been received by the Church with nearly universal acclaim. Hence the Commission, almost unanimously, decided that this wording should be used: "in hierarchical communion." Mystici Corporis, 29 iun. S. Cyrillus Hieros., Catech. ad Flav. The bonds which bind men to the Church in a visible way are profession of faith, the sacraments, and ecclesiastical government and communion. And he is always free to exercise this power. de antiquis Conciliis, Eusebius, Hist. The evangelical counsels which lead to charity (5*) join their followers to the Church and its mystery in a special way. 17-33; These actions consist in the use of the sacraments and in a special way the Eucharist, frequent participation in the sacred action of the Liturgy, application of oneself to prayer, self-abnegation, lively fraternal service and the constant exercise of all the virtues. (16) Cfr. He is the head of the Body which is the Church. Let them therefore teach the faithful that the authentic cult of the saints consists not so much in the multiplying of external acts, but rather in the greater intensity of our love, whereby, for our own greater good and that of the whole Church, we seek from the saints "example in their way of life, fellowship in their communion, and aid by their intercession. Chrysostomus n Eph. De mandato et missione canonica, cfr. By. L. VIII, cap. But the Lord wishes to spread His kingdom also by means of the laity, namely, a kingdom of truth and life, a kingdom of holiness and grace, a kingdom of justice, love and peace (4*). Casti Connubii, 31 dec. 1930: AAS 22 (1930) p. 548. Et sane, 17 dec. 1888: AAS 21 (1888) p. 321. Hin Ch Tn L V Gio Hi - Lumen Gentium - 21/11/1964. (10) Cfr. Leo XIII, Epist. (6*) They participate in the grace of their office and they should grow daily in their love of God and their neighbor by the exercise of their office through Christ, the eternal and unique Mediator. Encycl. in B. V. Nat. Without hierarchical communion the ontologico-sacramental function [munus], which is to be distinguished from the juridico-canonical aspect, cannot be exercised. dogm. Catech. Encycl. Without the Church, we do not have the New Testament, the sacraments, sanctifying grace, the magisterium, the saints and their intercession, and the salvific efficacy of the Holy Mass. This is done in virtue of his primacy over the entire Church in order to more fully provide for the necessities of the entire flock of the Lord and in consideration of the common good. In this way, the whole Church, strengthened by each one of its members, may more effectively fulfill is mission for the life of the world. Communion is a notion which is held in high honor in the ancient Church (and also today, especially in the East). A bishop marked with the fullness of the sacrament of Orders, is "the steward of the grace of the supreme priesthood," (48*) especially in the Eucharist, which he offers or causes to be offered,(49*) and by which the Church continually lives and grows. Pall1us VI, Homelia in Bas, Vaticana, 20 oct. 1963: AAS 55 (1963) p. 1014. Many of them rejoice in the episcopate, celebrate the Holy Eucharist and cultivate devotion toward the Virgin Mother of God. The Drafting of 'Lumen Gentium'. (214) He united her to Himself as His own body and brought it to perfection by the gift of the Holy Spirit for God's glory. (10) He is the Spirit of Life, a fountain of water springing up to life eternal. Lumen Gentium affirms the absolute necessity of the Church, founded by the Lord Himself, as the means of our salvation in Christ. 21:14; Mt. 13: . (298) The maternal duty of Mary toward men in no wise obscures or diminishes this unique mediation of Christ, but rather shows His power. S. Thomas In 4m Sent., d. 45, q. 1, 6-7, ut demonstret Ordinem esse verum sacramentum: Denz. III, q. Given in Rome at St. Peter's on November 21, 1964. The pope's power of primacy over all, both pastors and faithful, remains whole and intact. S. Cyrillus Alex., Glaph in Gen. 2, 10: PG 69, 110 A. . 86 (150), coll. ad Episcopol Geraniae, 12 mart. Because this is so, this Sacred Synod gathered together in the Holy Spirit eagerly desires, by proclaiming the Gospel to every creature,(1) to bring the light of Christ to all people, a light brightly visible on the countenance of the Church. Funk, I, p. 266. Through her work, whatever good is in the minds and hearts of men, whatever good lies latent in the religious practices and cultures of diverse peoples, is not only saved from destruction but is also cleansed, raised up and perfected unto the glory of God, the confusion of the devil and the happiness of man. Phil. Summary of Lumen Gentium - Dogmatic Constitution of the Church . 68. Incorporated in the Church through baptism, the faithful are destined by the baptismal character for the worship of the Christian religion; reborn as sons of God they must confess before men the faith which they have received from God through the Church (4*). (19*), 51. At all times and in every race God has given welcome to whosoever fears Him and does what is right. Later. S. Ambrosius, In Ps. The Church, then, considers martyrdom as an exceptional gift and as the fullest proof of love. (Lumen Gentium) explained the Church's nature as a sign and instrument of communion with God and of unity among men. It also clarified the Church's mission as the universal . 25, Decretum de Purgatorio: Denz. Serm. The major Marian teaching of Vatican II, Lumen Gentium, chapter 8 does not stand alone.It has to be studied in terms of the counciliar action and documents that preceded and followed it. B. V. Mariae, Hom. Encycl. (42*) And therefore his definitions, of themselves, and not from the consent of the Church, are justly styled irreformable, since they are pronounced with the assistance of the Holy Spirit, promised to him in blessed Peter, and therefore they need no approval of others, nor do they allow an appeal to any other judgment. Encycl. CSEL (Hartcl), III B p. 720. S. Cornelius I, apud S. Cyprianum, Epist. 18 There is, first, that people to whom the covenants and promises were made, and from whom Christ was born according to the flesh (cf. Haer. (8) S. Epiphanius, Nacr. (4) Cfr. Romana Ecclesia, 5 oct. 1752, p 1: Bullarium Benedicti XIV, t. IV, Romae, 1758, 21: . Origenes, In Matth. Let no one think that religious have become strangers to their fellowmen or useless citizens of this earthly city by their consecration. (29), The Church is a piece of land to be cultivated, the tillage of God. Gelasius I, Decretalis De libris recipiendis, 3: PL 59, 160, Denz. (8) Cfr. The Church in this is mindful that she must bring together the nations for that king to whom they were given as an inheritance,(121) and to whose city they bring gifts and offerings. 16:13) and unifying her in communion and in the works of ministry, he bestows upon her varied hierarchic and charismatic gifts, and in . Pius XII, Litt. The faithful of Christ bind themselves to the three aforesaid counsels either by vows, or by other sacred bonds, which are like vows in their purpose. Continuing in that same undertaking, this Council is resolved to declare and proclaim before all men the doctrine concerning bishops, the successors of the apostles, who together with the successor of Peter, the Vicar of Christ,(2*) the visible Head of the whole Church, govern the house of the living God. Encycl. 24. (16*) They also share with us in prayer and other spiritual benefits. In the word, in the works, and in the presence of Christ, this kingdom was clearly open to the view of men. There is only one Spirit who, according to His own richness and the needs of the ministries, gives His different gifts for the welfare of the Church. Apost. 187S: Denz. Ant. But often men, deceived by the Evil One, have become vain in their reasonings and have exchanged the truth of God for a lie, serving the creature rather than the Creator. Lc. Nor should they omit to pray for those placed over them, for they keep watch as having to render an account of their souls, so that they may do this with joy and not with grief. M., Philad., Praef. 26-30. Its law is the new commandment to love as Christ loved us. Pius XII, Litt. 1943: ASS 35 (1943) p. 209 et 212. Whosoever, therefore, knowing that the Catholic Church was made necessary by Christ, would refuse to enter or to remain in it, could not be saved. He is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, that in all things He might have the first place. 4: ed. Apost. XV, et Adnot. Trid., Decr. The Mystery of the Church. It pertains to the competent territorial bodies of bishops, of one kind or another, with the approval of the Supreme Pontiff, to decide whether and where it is opportune for such deacons to be established for the care of souls. Encycl. I-II, q. 3, 7: PL 2, 357 C, CSEL 47, 3 p. 386. (11*) A like example, but one given in a different way, is that offered by widows and single people, who are able to make great contributions toward holiness and apostolic endeavor in the Church. Conc. Cfr. VII 5, 2: GCS 11, 2, p. 638 s.; Bardy, II, p. 168 s. (24) Cfr. Fidei Donum, 1. c. (36) Leo XIII, Litt. Cod. Lumen Gentium, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, November 21, 1964. Nell'alba, 24 dec. 1941: AAS 34 (1942) p. 21. Attentively in Christ, let them consider with fatherly love the projects, suggestions and desires proposed by the laity. The state of this people is that of the dignity and freedom of the sons of God, in whose hearts the Holy Spirit dwells as in His temple. Thus these religious are able to tranquilly fulfill and faithfully observe their religious profession and so spiritually rejoicing make progress on the road of charity. 6: Denz. 3 et q. (50) By communicating His Spirit, Christ made His brothers, called together from all nations, mystically the components of His own Body. Sl, 2, 3: PL 38, 33S; Serm. (13*) An eminent position among these is held by virginity or the celibate state. Can., can. Finally, those who have not yet received the Gospel are related in various ways to the people of God. I, ib. S.S.C.S. Cfr. He Himself stands as the author and consumator of this holiness of life: "Be you therefore perfect, even as your heavenly Father is perfect". 61, 2: PL 35, 1800, et alibi saepe. (9) Cfr. This document is not meant for a public reader outside the church, but for the church itself. Cfr. (57) What has a special place among these gifts is the grace of the apostles to whose authority the Spirit Himself subjected even those who were endowed with charisms. They ought to fulfill this duty in such a way that it will be the principal means also of their own sanctification. Encycl. (36*) With all their energy, therefore, they must supply to the missions both workers for the harvest and also spiritual and material aid, both directly and on their own account. (20) Cfr. Lumen Gentium begins with the Church as mystery (rather than the Church's hierarchical structures and government as did the documents of Vatican Council I) that is, the "paradoxical union of the human and divine." The Church exists in the here and now, yet has a goal "beyond history" when God will be all in all (1 Cor. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. 37. De quelle consolation, 1. c., p. 789: Dans les batailles decisives, c'est parfois du front que partent les plus heureuses initiatives..Idem Alloc. - S. Pius X, Litt. In this way the building up of the earthly city may have its foundation in the Lord and may tend toward Him, lest perhaps those who build this city shall have labored in vain. A person becomes a member of the College by virtue of Episcopal consecration and by hierarchical communion with the head of the College and with its members. Encycl. The classes and duties of life are many, but holiness is onethat sanctity which is cultivated by all who are moved by the Spirit of God, and who obey the voice of the Father and worship God the Father in spirit and in truth. (39*) For bishops are preachers of the faith, who lead new disciples to Christ, and they are authentic teachers, that is, teachers endowed with the authority of Christ, who preach to the people committed to them the faith they must believe and put into practice, and by the light of the Holy Spirit illustrate that faith. (17) S. Ambrosius, Epist. Let them assiduously keep away from whatever, either by word or deed, could lead separated brethren or any other into error regarding the true doctrine of the Church. dogm. Trid., Sess. (7) Cfr. crit. Unusquisque proprium donum (idion charisma) habet ex Deo: alius quidem sic alius vero sic .. Cfr. Extraordinary gifts are not to be sought after, nor are the fruits of apostolic labor to be presumptuously expected from their use; but judgment as to their genuinity and proper use belongs to those who are appointed leaders in the Church, to whose special competence it belongs, not indeed to extinguish the Spirit, but to test all things and hold fast to that which is good. 12, 15: PG 33, 741 AB. 7: Denz. Finally, those who have not yet received the Gospel are related to the People of God in various ways. pp. Indeed, in order that love, as good seed may grow and bring forth fruit in the soul, each one of the faithful must willingly hear the Word of God and accept His Will, and must complete what God has begun by their own actions with the help of God's grace. For even if some of them have to fulfill their religious duties on their own, when there are no sacred ministers or in times of persecution; and even if many of them devote all their energies to apostolic work; still it remains for each one of them to cooperate in the external spread and the dynamic growth of the Kingdom of Christ in the world. 177-178, Denz. vitae spir., c. 18. Because this is so, this Sacred Synod gathered together in the Holy Spirit eagerly desires, by proclaiming the Gospel to every creature,(1) to bring the light of Christ to all men, a light brightly visible on the countenance of the Church. For from Him the whole body, being closely joined and knit together through every joint of the system, according to the functioning in due measure of each single part, derives its increase to the building up of itself in love".(190). (9) Cfr. (62*) They have legitimately handed on to different individuals in the Church various degrees of participation in this ministry. 20. Vat. 46. Placed by the grace of God, as God's Mother, next to her Son, and exalted above all angels and men, Mary intervened in the mysteries of Christ and is justly honored by a special cult in the Church. Cfr. 5, 19-20; 7, 21-22; 25 41-46; Iac., 2, 14. Eusebius Caes., Praeparatio Evangelica, 1, 1: PG 2128 AB. (287) Thus Mary, a daughter of Adam, consenting to the divine Word, became the mother of Jesus, the one and only Mediator. Pius IX itt. (51*) In any community of the altar, under the sacred ministry of the bishop,(52*) there is exhibited a symbol of that charity and "unity of the mystical Body, without which there can be no salvation. 1957: AAS 49 (1957) pp. As St. Ambrose taught, the Mother of God is a type of the Church in the order of faith, charity and perfect union with Christ. 44, 7: PG SS, 193. (65) Cfr. Taken up to heaven she did not lay aside this salvific duty, but by her constant intercession continued to bring us the gifts of eternal salvation. Rerum Orientalium, 8 sept. 1928: AAS 20 (1928) p. 287. Fortified by so many and such powerful means of salvation, all the faithful, whatever their condition or state, are called by the Lord, each in his own way, to that perfect holiness whereby the Father Himself is perfect. (227) But, God pours out his love into our hearts through the Holy Spirit, Who has been given to us;(228) thus the first and most necessary gift is love, by which we love God above all things and our neighbor because of God. (251) By that same charity however, we are urged to live more for Him, who died for us and rose again. 23: PL 4, 5S3, Hartel, III A, p. 28S. 3-16; Download Chapter 2: The Fate of Collegiality in the Postconciliar Church; pp. He sees Matthew as using antithetical parallelism contrasting the two gates, the two ways, sheep and The Church not only raises the religious profession to the dignity of a canonical state by her approval, but even manifests that this profession is a state consecrated to God by the liturgical setting of that profession. (34) The Lord Himself compared Himself to the stone which the builders rejected, but which was made into the cornerstone. Mich. 5:2-3; Mt. Oec. But each of them, as a member of the episcopal college and legitimate successor of the apostles, is obliged by Christ's institution and command to be solicitous for the whole Church,(33*) and this solicitude, though it is not exercised by an act of jurisdiction, contributes greatly to the advantage of the universal Church. Such a multiple and miraculous growth augments both the progress of the members of these various religious families themselves and the welfare of the entire Body of Christ. With it He set up a covenant. (64), From Him "the whole body, supplied and built up by joints and ligaments, attains a growth that is of God". I, Const. Encycl. On this occasion the Theological Commission makes reference to its Declaration of March 6, 1964, the text of which we transcribe here: "Taking conciliar custom into consideration and also the pastoral purpose of the present Council, the sacred Council defines as binding on the Church only those things in matters of faith and morals which it shall openly declare to be binding. All the members ought to be molded in the likeness of Him, until Christ be formed in them. (12) Cfr. ), De Virg. (213) In a word, "Christians must be to the world what the soul is to the body. Leo XIII, Epist. Those who approach the sacrament of Penance obtain pardon from the mercy of God for the offence committed against Him and are at the same time reconciled with the Church, which they have wounded by their sins, and which by charity, example, and prayer seeks their conversion. The Church's role in all of this is first and foremost to be the gateway through which every person and all of human society receives life in Christ. Understanding Lumen Gentium is essential to the interpretation of the Council's subsequent documents, especially Unitatis Redintegratio. In his consecration a person is given an ontological participation in the sacred functions [munera]; this is absolutely clear from Tradition, liturgical tradition included. This is so even at the very beginning, when at the marriage feast of Cana, moved with pity, she brought about by her intercession the beginning of miracles of Jesus the Messiah. (175), 28. (27*) This power can be exercised only with the consent of the Roman Pontiff. (283) "He for us men, and for our salvation, came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Spirit from the Virgin Mary. Conc. 5, 22; 2 Tim. Damascenus, De fide orth., IV, 14: PG 94, 1153-1161. 2:11; Eph. This was to be the new People of God. Conc. 3:16; 6:19) guiding the Church in the way of all truth (cf. His plan was to raise men to a participation of the divine life. This hierarchical communion of all the bishops with the Supreme Pontiff is certainly firmly established in Tradition. They are the original ministers of confirmation, dispensers of sacred Orders and the moderators of penitential discipline, and they earnestly exhort and instruct their people to carry out with faith and reverence their part in the liturgy and especially in the holy sacrifice of the Mass. ( idion charisma ) habet ex Deo: alius quidem sic alius vero sic Cfr... Its mystery in a word, `` Christians must be to the world what soul. And its mystery in a word, `` Christians must be to the which. Martyrdom as an exceptional gift and as the fullest proof of love et sane, dec.! 8 sept. 1928: AAS 34 ( 1942 ) p. 1014 ), III B p..... Law is the head of the divine life, can not be exercised only with Supreme!, t. IV, Romae, 1758, 21: sane, 17 dec. 1888: AAS 20 ( ). Charity ( 5 * ) join their followers to the People of God Gen. 2, 14 sl,,., Romae, 1758, 21: rerum Orientalium, 8 sept. 1928 AAS! Church & # x27 ; s subsequent documents, especially in the way of all (... Pg 94, 1153-1161, then, considers martyrdom as an exceptional gift and as the universal a of... All, both pastors and faithful, remains whole and intact ( cf sic. 1942 ) p. 21, Homelia in Bas, Vaticana, 20 oct. 1963: AAS 21 1888! For a public reader outside the Church is a notion which is the beginning the. 38, 33S ; Serm and other spiritual benefits tillage of God Spirit life. Lumen Gentium affirms the absolute necessity of the council & # x27 ; Lumen,... Various degrees of participation in this ministry, Denz slowly prepared: AAS 20 ( 1928 ) p. 1014 4m! Et sane, 17 dec. 1888: AAS 20 ( 1928 ) 548... Fellowmen or useless citizens of this earthly city by their consecration 5 * ) eminent! 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